The only way to keep the septic tank functioning properly is to have the tank solids pumped by a local pumping service. While the need for pumping depends on many factors such as usage, size, and wastes added, it is recommended by many local health authorities and the Environmental Protection Agency that a system be pumped every one to two years. While the pumping frequency may vary, every septic tank should be pumped at least every three years. The regular pumping of a septic tank is the only maintenance generally required for that part of the system. Failure to maintain a regular pumping schedule, or even the use of some additives, can cause more solids to pass through the septic tank increasing the likelihood of drainfield failure.

It is only during a pump-out that the septic tank can be inspected for possible leaks and the baffles inspected.

These are the only things that generally go wrong with a septic tank itself. If either of these fail, it is a serious problem that must be addressed immediately. It is unusual for a modern septic tank to develop leaks. If the tank is metal however, these tanks have a lifetime of about 20 years and must be replaced when they fail.

The baffles help prevent grease, oils, and solids from passing through the septic tank to the drainfield. The baffles are the only part of a septic tank that generally fail. Baffles are critical to the proper operation of the septic tank. The inlet and outlet baffles can only be inspected when the septic tank is drained. The outlet baffle is more important to help prevent damage to the drainfield. If the baffles are damaged in any way, they should be replaced immediately. This is less costly than drainfield replacement.